基本信息
| 标准名称： | ＣＤ５型矩形连接器 |
| 英文名称： | Rectengular connectors Type CD5 |
| 中标分类： |
石油 >>
石油综合 >>
技术管理 |
| 替代情况： | SJ 969-75 |
| 发布日期： | 1994-04-11 |
| 实施日期： | 1994-10-01 |
| 首发日期： | 1900-01-01 |
| 作废日期： | 1900-01-01 |
| 出版日期： | 1900-01-01 |
| 页数： | 12页 |
适用范围
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前言
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目录
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引用标准
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所属分类： 石油 石油综合 技术管理
【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforDosimetryinElectronBeamandX-Ray(Bremsstrahlung)IrradiationFacilitiesforFoodProcessing
【原文标准名称】:食品加工用电子束和X射线(韧制辐射)辐射设备剂量测量的标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTMISO/ASTM51431-2005
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2005
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E10.01
【标准类型】:(ISO/ASTM)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:absorbeddose;accelerator;bremsstrahlung;dosemapping;dosimeter;dosimetry;electronbeam;foodprocessing;ionizingradiation;irradiatedfood;irradiation;irradiatorcharacterization;machinesource;radiation;ICS17.240;ICS
【摘要】:4.1Foodproductsmaybetreatedwithacceleratorgeneratedradiation(electronsandX-rays)fornumerouspurposes,includingcontrolofparasitesandpathogenicmicroorganisms,insectdisinfestation,growthandmaturationinhibition,andshelf-lifeextension.Foodirradiationspecificationsalmostalwaysincludeaminimumoramaximumlimitofabsorbeddose,sometimesboth:aminimumlimitmaybesettoensurethattheintendedbeneficialeffectisachievedandamaximumlimitmaybesetforthepurposeofavoidingproductorpackagingdegradation.Foragivenapplication,oneorbothofthesevaluesmaybeprescribedbygovernmentregulationsthathavebeenestablishedonthebasisofscientificdata.Therefore,priortotheirradiationofthefoodproduct,itisnecessarytodeterminethecapabilityofanirradiationfacilitytoconsistentlydelivertheabsorbeddosewithinanyprescribedlimits.Also,itisnecessarytomonitoranddocumenttheabsorbeddoseduringeachproductionruntoverifycompliancewiththeprocessspecificationsatapredeterminedlevelofconfidence.NOTE3-TheCodexAlimentariusCommissionhasdevelopedaninternationalGeneralStandardandaCodeofPracticethataddresstheapplicationofionizingradiationtothetreatmentoffoodsandthatstronglyemphasizetheroleofdosimetryforensuringthatirradiationwillbeproperlyperformed(1).44.2Formoredetaileddiscussionsofradiationprocessingofvariousfoods,seeGuidesF1355,F1356,F1736,andF1885andRefs(2-15).4.3Accelerator-generatedradiationcanbeintheformofelectronsorX-raysproducedbytheelectrons.PenetrationofradiationintotheproductrequiredtoaccomplishtheintendedeffectisoneofthefactorsaffectingthedecisiontouseelectronsorX-rays.4.4Toensurethatproductsareirradiatedwithinaspecifieddoserange,routineprocesscontrolrequiresroutineproductdosimetry,documentedproducthandlingprocedures(before,duringandaftertheirradiation),consistentorientationoftheproductsduringirradiation,monitoringofcriticaloperatingparameters,anddocumentationofallrelevantactivitiesandfunctions.1.1Thispracticeoutlinestheinstallationqualificationprogramforanirradiatorandthedosimetricprocedurestobefollowedduringoperationalqualification,performancequalificationandroutineprocessinginfacilitiesthatprocessfoodwithhigh-energyelectronsandX-rays(bremsstrahlung)toensurethatproducthasbeentreatedwithinapredeterminedrangeofabsorbeddose.Otherproceduresrelatedtooperationalqualification,performancequalificationandroutineprocessingthatmayinfluenceabsorbeddoseintheproductarealsodiscussed.Informationabouteffectiveorregulatorydoselimitsforfoodproducts,andappropriateenergylimitsforelectronbeamsuseddirectlyortogenerateX-raysisnotwithinthescopeofthispractice(seeASTMGuidesF1355,F1356,F1736,andF1885).Note1Dosimetryisonlyonecomponentofatotalqualityassuranceprogramforadherencetogoodmanufacturingpracticesusedintheproductionofsafeandwholesomefood.Note2ISO/ASTMPractice51204describesdosimetricproceduresforgammairradiationfacilitiesforfoodprocessing.1.2Forguidanceintheselectionandcalibrationofdosimetrysystems,andinterpretationofmeasuredabsorbeddoseintheproduct,seeISO/ASTMGuide51261andASTMPracticeE666.Fortheuseofspecificdosimetrysystems,seeASTMPracticesE1026andE2304,andISO/ASTMPractices51205,51275,51276,51310,51401,51538,51540,51607,51650and51956.FordiscussionofradiationdosimetryforelectronsandX-raysalsoseeICRUReports35and14.Fordiscussionofradiationdosimetryforpulsedradiation,seeICRUReport34.1.3Whilegammaradiationfromradioactivenuclideshasdiscreteenergies,X-rays(bremsstrahlung)frommachin......
【中国标准分类号】:
【国际标准分类号】:
【页数】:14P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语